This service is recommended for authors most concerned about the overall structure and clarity of their work.
In addition to proofreading your manuscript (points 1-7 below), I will also evaluate it for structure and clarity, and provide detailed feedback on how it can be improved (points 8 and 9).
- Grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
- Consistent and correct use of technical terms and general words.
- Error-free format with consistent headings, indentation, use of fonts, etc. Papers already formatted to a specific journal style can be corrected to that style at no extra cost.
- Contents and captions of figures and tables and their citations in the text.
- References correctly listed and agreeing with their citations in the text.
- Overall consistency, e.g., numerical results are the same in the abstract, results, and conclusion, and sentences don’t contradict findings.
- Redundancy. Excessively wordy phrases will be shortened to meet the terse style required for academic papers.
- Structure. I will comment on the big picture: whether the contents of your chapters and sections support the main aim of your paper; headings reflect the content; topic sentences are used at the start of paragraphs; transitions and signposts are included to help the reader; and your manuscript is free of redundancy and repetition.
- Clarity. I will comment on the accessibility of your paper: whether the information appears to be complete and not contradict itself; the terms and concepts are explained to a level appropriate to the readership; the arguments are logical and supported by examples if necessary; and the conclusion is clear.
After receiving your corrected work, any queries regarding the changes will be answered free of charge to ensure your full satisfaction.
Example of abstract before and after editing
This example is adapted from an abstract that contains typos, grammatical mistakes, and some inappropriate uses of scientific terms. Thanks go to Dr. Mouad El Aidi for providing the original text. Here is the uncorrected abstract.
This study was to examine the effect of storage time and C-Phycocyanin, an antioxidant substance purified from Arthrospira platensis, on spermatozoa in order to improve liquid ram semen storage. Sperm samples were collected from fur adult fertile Sardi lambs and diluted to final concentration 800 million spermatozoa/ml in milk extender and C-Phycocyanin at different concentration. The samples were then stored at 15 °C and several sperm parameters (motility, viability, and morphology) evaluate at 0, 8, and 24 h. Results showed that sperm the motility and kinematic parameters decreased significantly over time of storage especially after 24 hours of storage and that the C-Phycocyanin used in this experiments affected significantly only at 1 and 2% at 0h, evaluation at 8 and 24 hours revealed that this substance didn’t have any positive effect on liquid ram storage, moreover, it negatively affected leading us to doubt that the concentrations we used where poisonous for spermatozoa.
Problems include a grammatically incorrect start to the first sentence, two typos that would not have been picked up by a spellchecker (can you spot them?), a capitalized chemical name that should be in lowercase, inconsistent spacing and notation of units (0h, 24 hours), incorrect use of the word “affected”, and a very long final sentence that is difficult to read, reducing its impact.
Here is the corrected text.
The purpose of tThis study was to examine the effect of storage time and C-pPhycocyanin, an antioxidant substance purified from Arthrospira platensis, on spermatozoa in order to improve the storage of liquid ram semen storage. Sperm samples were collected from four adult fertile Sardi ramslambs and diluted to a final concentration of 800 million spermatozoa/ml in milk extender and C-pPhycocyanin at different concentrations. The samples were then stored at 15 °C and several sperm parameters (motility, viability, and morphology) were then evaluated at 0, 8, and 24 h. Results showed that the sperm the motility and kinematic parameters decreased significantly over time of storage, especially after 24 hours of storage, and that the C-pPhycocyanin used in this experiments had a significant eaffected significantly only at 1 and 2% concentrations at 0 h., Eevaluation at 8 and 24 hours revealed that this substance did notn’t have any positive effect on the storage of liquid ram semenstorage;, moreover, it had a negativelyeaffected, leading us to concludedoubt that the concentrations we used where not toxicpoisonous for spermatozoa.
In addition to correcting the previously mentioned errors, I have italicized the Latin name, split up the noun cluster “liquid ram semen storage”, removed the contraction “didn’t” (contractions are frowned on in scientific writing), deleted “In order” (it adds nothing to the sentence), and replaced “poisonous” with the more scientific “toxic”. I would also suggest the use of standard form instead of “800 million”.
Suggested changes can be easily accepted or ignored on Word (see tutorial here). Here is the final text.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of storage time and C-phycocyanin, an antioxidant substance purified from Arthrospira platensis, on spermatozoa to improve the storage of liquid ram semen. Sperm samples were collected from four adult fertile Sardi rams and diluted to a final concentration of 800 million spermatozoa/ml in milk extender and C-phycocyanin at different concentrations. The samples were then stored at 15 °C and several sperm parameters (motility, viability, and morphology) were then evaluated at 0, 8, and 24 h. Results showed that the sperm motility and kinematic parameters decreased significantly over time of storage, especially after 24 h of storage, and that the C-phycocyanin used in this experiment had a significant effect only at 1 and 2% concentrations at 0 h. Evaluation at 8 and 24 h revealed that this substance did not have any positive effect on the storage of liquid ram semen; moreover, it had a negative effect, leading us to conclude that the concentrations we used were not toxic for spermatozoa.
